The Impact of Company Financial Performance and Audit Fees on the Disclosure of Key Audit Matters (KAM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.27.1.35-49Keywords:
Financial Performance, Audit Fee, Key Audit MatterAbstract
Key Audit Matters (KAM), recently mandated by ISA 701, aim to enhance audit transparency by addressing critical audit areas. This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of financial performance and audit fees on KAM disclosures. Furthermore, it categorizes KAM into two risk levels: Entity-Level Risk (ELRKAM) and Account-Level Risk (ALRKAM). The data analyzed consist of 1,080 firm observations listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2022-2023. The researchers conducted panel data regression analysis using EViews 12.0. The findings reveal that financial performance has no significant impact on the overall KAM or ELRKAM disclosures but does affect ALRKAM. This indicates that auditors focus more on specific risk areas rather than on overall financial performance. On the other hand, we find that audit fees positively influence the disclosure of overall KAM and ELRKAM, but they have no effect on ALRKAM. These results suggest that higher audit fees contribute to enhanced transparency regarding overall risks but do not necessarily affect the disclosure of specific account-level risks.
References
[1] Ai, M., Luo, F., & Bu, Y. (2024). Green Innovation and corporate financial performance: insight from operating risks. Journal of Cleaner Production. 456, 142353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142353
[2] Al-Maahi, A. & Wondabio, L.S. (2024). Analysis of the implementation of ISA 701 in the independent auditor’s report (case study at PT HIJ). Contemporary Accounting Case Studies, 3(1), 1-20.
[3] Backof, A., Bowlin, K., & Goodson, B. (2022). The importance of clarification of auditors' responsibilities under the new audit reporting standards. Contemporary Accounting Research, 39(4), 2284–2304. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12802
[4] Bédard, J., Coram, P., Espahbodi, R.,& Mock, T. (2016). Does recent academic research support changes to audit reporting standards? Accounting Horizons, 30(2), 255-275. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-51397
[5] Bédard, J., Gonthier-Besacier, N., & Schatt, A. (2019). Consequences of expanded audit reports: evidence from the justifications of assessments in France. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 38(3), 23–45. https://doi.
org/10.2308/ajpt-52339
[6] Bédard, J., Gonthier-Besacier, N., & Schatt, A. (2014). Costs and benefits of reporting key audit matters in the audit report: the french experience. International Symposium on Audit Research. https://documents.bsb-education.
com/pdf/cig2014/ACTESDUCOLLOQUE/BEDARD_GONTHIER_BESACIER_SCHATT.pdf. Accessed on 27 November 2024
[7] Bentley, J., Lambert, T., & Wang, E. (2021). The effect of increased audit disclosure on managers’ real operating decisions: evidence from disclosing critical audit matters. The Accounting Review, 96(1), 23-40.
[8] Bepari, M., Nahar, S., & Mollik, A. (2024). Perceived effects of key audit matters reporting on audit efforts, audit fees, audit quality, and audit report transparency: stakeholders’ perspectives. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 21(2), 1176-6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-06-2022-0098
[9] Bepari, M., Mollik, A., Shamsun, N., & Islam, M. (2022). Determinants of accounts level and entity level key audit matters: further evidence. Accounting in Europe, 19(3), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2022.2060753
[10] Camacho-Minano, M.-d.-M., Munoz-Izquierdo, N., Pincus, M., & Wellmeyer, P. (2023). Are key audit matter disclosures useful in assessing the financial distress level of a client firm. The British Accounting Review, 56(2). 101200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2023.101200
[11] Carcello, J., Hermanson, D., Neal, T., & Riley, R. (2002). Board characteristics and audit fees. Contemporary Accounting Research, 19(3), 365-384.https://doi.org/10.1506/CHWK GMQ0-MLKE-K03V
[12] Datejarutsri, P., Sampet, J., & Kosaiyakanont, A. (2019). Communication value of key audit matters in auditor’s report of companies in resources and technology industries listed on the stock exchange of Thailand. Modern Management Journal, 17(1), 43–55.
[13] Emilio, J., Kurniani, M., & Yanto, W. (2022). Analisis persiapan Indonesia dalam menerapkan key audit matters. Jurnal Mirai Management, 7(3), 383-391. https://doi.org/10.37531/mirai.v7i3.4589
[14] Fachrudin, K.A., (2020). The relationship between financial distress and financial health prediction model: A study in public manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 22(1), 18-27
[15] Ferreira, C., & Morais, A. (2019). Analysis of the relationship between company charac-teristics and key audit matters disclosed. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 31(83), 262-274.
[16] Gambetta, N., Sierra García, L., García Benau, M., & Novejarque Civera, J. (2023). The informative value of key audit matters in the audit report: understanding the audit firm and matter type impact. Australian Accounting Review, 33(2), 114-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12396
[17] Gold, A., Gronewold, U., & Pott, C. (2012). The ISA 700 auditor's report and the audit expectation gap – do explanations matter? International Journal of Auditing, 16(3), 286-307.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2012.00452.x
[18] Gutierrez, E., Minutti-Meza, M., Tatum, K., & Vulcheva, M. (2015). Consequences of changing the auditor’s report: early evidence from the U.K, 18-1. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[19] Gutierrez, E., Minutti-Meza, M., Tatum, K., & Vulcheva, M. (2018). Consequences of adopting an expanded auditor’s report in the United Kingdom. Review of Accounting Studies, 23(18- 1), 1543–1587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-018-9464-0
[20] Hay, D., Knechel, W., & Wong, N. (2006). Audit fees: a meta-analysis of the effect of supply and demand attributes. Contemporary Accounting Research, 23(1), 141-191. https://doi.org/10.1506/4XR4-KT5V-E8CN- 91GX
[21] Hussainey, K., & Lawati, H. (2022). The determinants and impact of key audit matters disclosure in the auditor’s report. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10(4), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10040107
[22] IAASB. (2013). Reporting on audited financial statements: Proposed new and revised international standards on auditing (ISAs).
[23] IAASB. (2015). International Standards On Auditing 701: Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditors Report.
[24] IAPI. (2016). Peraturan Pengurus Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penentuan Imbalan Jasa Audit Laporan Keuangan.
[25] IAPI. (2021). Standar Audit 701: Pengomuni-kasian Hal Audit Utama dalam Laporan Auditor Independen.
[26] IAPI (2023). Penerapan Tahun Pertama SA 701 Tentang Pengomunikasian Hal Audit Utama (HAU) di Indonesia. https://iapi.or.id/laporan-publikasi-hasil-riset-sa-701/
[27] Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
[28] Karjalainen, J., Niskanen, M., & Niskanen, J. (2018). The effect of audit partner gender on modified audit opinions. International Journal of Auditing, 22(3), 449-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12130
[29] Lennox, C., Schmidt, J., & Thompson, A. (2017). Why are expanded audit reports not informative to investors? evidence from the United Kingdom. Review of Accounting Studies, 28(2), 497-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142- 021-09650-4
[30] Li, H., Hay, D., & Lau, D. (2018). Assessing the impact of the new auditor’s report. Pacific Accounting Review, 31(1), 110-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PAR-02-2018-0011
[31] Lukason, O., & Laitinen, E. (2019). Firm failure processes and components of failure risk: an analysis of European Bankrupt Firms. Journal of Business Research, 98, 380-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.025
[32] Lusiani, S., & Khafid, M. (2022). Pengaruh profitabilitas, struktur modal dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kualitas laba dengan kepemilikan manajerial sebagai variabel moderating. Owner, 6(1), 1043-1055. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.719
[33] Masdor, N., & Shamsuddin, A. (2018). The implementation of isa 701- key audit matters: a review. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 10(3), 1107-1115.
[34] Masoud, N. (2017). An empirical study of audit expectation-performance gap: the case of Libya. Research in International Business and Finance, 14, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.04.012
[35] Matos, T., Santos, O., Rodrigues, A., & Leite, R. (2018). Lobbying in audit regulation within the scope of the IAASB (Lobbying na regulação de auditoria no âmbito do IAASB). Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 29(77), 246-265. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201804330
[36] Matta, J., & Feghali, K. (2020). The impact of Key Audit Matters (KAMs) on financial information quality: evidence from Lebanon. Indonesian Management and Accounting Research, 19(2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.25105/imar.v19i2.7328
[37] Mengstie, B., Mosisa, T., & Mosisa, T. (2024). Impact of working capital management on profitability of private commercial banks in Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(23), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00379-3
[38] Menon, K., & Williams, D. (2001). Long-term trends in audit fees. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice, 20(1). 115-136.
[39] Minutti-Meza, M. (2021). The art of conversation: the expanded audit report. Accounting and Business Research, 51(5), 548-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2021.1932264
[40] Nelson, J. R. (1988). Legal liabilities and the market for auditing services. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 3(3). 255 - 285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X8800300309
[41] Özcan, A. (2021). What factors affect the disclosure of key audit matters? Evidence from Manufacturing Firms. International Journal of Management Economics and Business. 17(1), 149-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.796444.
[42] Peecher, M., Solomon, I., & Trotman, K. (2013). An accountability framework for financial statement auditors and related research questions. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 38(8), 596–620.
[43] Pinto, I., & Morais, A. (2018). What matters in disclosures of key audit matters: evidence from Europe. J Int Financ Manage Account, 30(2), 145–162.
[44] Porter, B. (1993). An Empirical study of the audit expectation-performance gap. Accounting and Business Research, 24(93), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1993.9729463
[45] Pratoomsuwan, T. & Yolrabil, Ora. (2018). The key audit matter (kam) practices: the review of first year experience in Thailand. NIDA Business Journal. 23, 63-91
[46] Prayoga, R., & Kristianti, I. (2020). Apakah dividen merefleksikan kualitas laba? International Journal of Social Science and Business, 4(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v4i1.24195
[47] Rahaman, M., & Karim, M. (2023). How do board features and auditor characteristics shape key audit matters disclosures? evidence from emerging economies. China Journal of Accounting Research. 16(4), 23-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2023.100331
[48] Rasmussen, S. (2013). Revenue recognition, earnings management, and earnings informa-tiveness in the semiconductor industry. Accounting Horizons, 27(1). 91-112. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-50291
[49] Reid, L., Carcello, J., Li, C., & Neal, T. (2018). Impact of auditor report changes on financial reporting quality and audit costs: evidence from the United Kingdom. Contemporary Accounting Research, 36(3), 1501-1539. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12486
[50] Segal, M. (2017). ISA 701: Key audit matters – an exploration of the rationale and possible unintended consequences in a South African. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 10(2), 376-391.
[51] Segal, M. (2019). Key audit matters: insight from audit experts. Meditari Accountancy Research, 27(3), 472-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-06-2018- 0355
[52] Sierra-García, L., Gambetta, N., García-Benau, M., & Orta-Perez, M. (2019). Understanding the determinants of the magnitude of entity-level risk and account-level risk key audit matters: the case of the United Kingdom. The British Accounting Review, 51(3), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.02.004
[53] Simunic, D., & Stein, M. (1996). The impact of litigation risk on audit pricing: a review of the economics and the evidence. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 15(2), 119-134.
[54] Sirois, L.-P., Bédard, J., & Bera, P. (2018). The informational value of key audit matters in the auditor’s report: evidence from an eye- tracking study. Accounting Horizons, 32(2), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-52047
[55] Suttipun, M., & Swatdikun, T. (2021). AMs reporting and financial performance: empirical evidence from Thai listed companies. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 841–848. doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no4.0841
[56] Tangruenrat, C. (2017). New auditor’s report: the 1st-year experiences. Journal of Accounting Profession, 13(2), 5-21.
[57] Trisanti, T., (2019). Discretionary accounting choice and management opportunistic behavior to manage income. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 21(1), 21-29
[58] Tufail, S., Bilal, & Khan, J. (2013). Impact of working capital management on profitability of textile sector of Pakistan. Isletme Arastirmalari Dergisi, 5(2), 32-56.
[59] Velte, P. (2018). Does gender diversity in the audit committee influence key audit matters' readability in the audit report? UK evidence. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(5), 748-755. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1491
[60] Velte, P., & Issa, J. (2019). The impact of key audit matter (kam) disclosure in audit reports on stakeholders’ reactions: a literature review. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(3), 1810-5467. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.26
[61] Wu, C. Y.-H., Hsu, H.-H., & Haslam, J. (2016). Audit committees, non-audit services, and auditor reporting decisions prior to failure. The British Accounting Review, 48(2). 240-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2015.03.001
[62] Wuttichindanon, S., & Issarawornrawanich, P. (2020). Determining factors of key audit matter disclosure in Thailand. Pacific Accounting Review, 32(4), 563-584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PAR-01-2020-0004
[63] Yeboah, B., & Yeboah, M. (2014). The effect of working capital management of Ghana Banks on profitability: panecal approach. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(10), 294-306.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Novia Gita Rhamadhani, Dina Heriyati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and publishing right, and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) followingthe publication of the article, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).<a href="http://creativecommons.org/lice